Orthopedic Glossary
Arthroplasty
Total Joint Replacement -一种关节置换术，通过移除患病关节并用金属或塑料材料和股骨段金属假体替换髋臼假体.
Cancer
See Oncology.
Foot and Ankle
Bunion -跖骨头背表面骨过度生长或第一跖骨背侧错位.
Flatfoot — Condition in which one or both arches have flattened out.
Hammer Toe — Variety of deformities on the second to fifth toes.
Malunion -骨愈合的状态，骨连在其中，但在不正常的位置和/或排列.
Nonunion — State of healing of the bone in which there is no healing.
Tendonitis — Inflammation of a tendon.
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Hand
Carpal tunnel syndrome -腕部正中神经因腕韧带神经受压而被切断时，感觉丧失，有时运动控制.
Dupuytren's contracture 手掌筋膜增厚和挛缩，导致手指屈曲畸形.
Peripheral nerve dsorders -上肢麻木、刺痛和无力.
Trigger finger — Catching or locking of a finger.
Reflexive sympathetic dystrophy -一种以剧痛为特征的四肢病变状态, swelling, stiffness, and discoloration. 它通常发生在由异常交感反射引起的肢体创伤或疾病之后, 典型的治疗方法是消除增加的交感神经刺激. RSD通常被认为是血管舒缩性和营养性疾病的同义词.
Oncology
Bone cysts — A sac containing liquid or semisolid material on a bone.
Bone metastases — The spread of malignant cancer cells to bone.
Ewing's sarcoma -儿童骨恶性肿瘤，由小的圆形细胞组成.
Paget's Disease -多余骨切除和畸形置换疾病.
Pediatrics
Brachial plexus palsy -臂丛一个或多个组成部分牵引性损伤时，头在躯干上过度侧屈.
Cerebral palsy -用于描述出生或婴儿期发现的影响肌肉控制的中枢神经系统疾病的总称.
Clubfoot 脚后跟向内弯曲，增加足底屈曲（脚尖在脚踝处向下移动）.
Hip Dysplasia — Failure of normal bony modeling of the hip socket.
Leg length inequity — One leg is shorter than the other. 这是许多先天性和后天性肌肉骨骼疾病的常见后遗症.
Muscular dystrophy -一组导致肌肉萎缩和无力的退行性疾病.
Spina bifida -先天性后脊柱大部分缺失，通常在腰骶区.
Scoliosis — Side-to-side curve in the back, 脊柱侧向和旋转偏离脊柱正常垂直的直线. Such a curve may be termed fixed, 这意味着任何通过身体运动消除曲线的尝试都是不成功的.
Spine
Ankylosing spondylitis -一种引起脊柱自发融合的类风湿性关节炎型疾病.
Cervical spine degeneration -在颅底和胸椎之间的七段脊柱组织的质量恶化.
Degenerative disc disease —硬盘空间的化学成分和物理性质逐渐或迅速恶化.
Herniated disc — Fibrous extrusion of semifluid nucleus protrudes through a ruptured intervertebral disk; damage results from pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Kyphosis — Any forward-bending area or deformity in the spine.
Posterior/anterior spinal fusions -融合两个或多个脊柱节段的手术，可切除或不切除椎间盘.
Spondylolisthesis — Displacement of a vertebral body on the one below.
Scoliosis — Side-to-side curve in the back, 脊柱侧向和旋转偏离脊柱正常垂直的直线. Such a curve may be termed fixed, 这意味着任何通过身体运动消除曲线的尝试都是不成功的.
Sports Medicine
Achilles tendonitis -从肱三头肌延伸而来的跟腱发炎.
Tennis elbow — Stress tendonitis on the lateral epicondyle.
Torn anterior cruciate ligament -膝盖内交叉的两条深韧带中的一条或两条撕裂.
Torn medial collateral ligament -连接股骨和胫骨的膝关节内侧强纤维韧带撕裂.
Torn meniscus -两个关节面之间的月牙形纤维软骨盘撕裂.
Torn rotator cuff -撕裂位于肩膀深处连接肩关节的一根或多根肌腱.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的，并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
